The Bobo Doll experiment

The Bobo Doll experiment was designed by Albert Bandura who studied behavior and aggression. He proved that children can copy an adult role model’s behavior. He put aggressive and non-aggressive actors and showed us how children imitate and learn from the behavior of the adults (actors). The result was that children who exposed to the aggressive model were more aggressive than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model. Also, the experiment is the origin of the Modeling Theory (observation) because both talk about copying and imitating other models or actors.

The Modeling Theory

The Modeling Theory says that people are influenced by a model (other people). The theory operates in three steps. First the boys observe the model. Then they imitate the model’s actions. After that they get a consequence which sometimes it be positive or negative. From the observation of others, we learn what, when and how to do certain behaviors. After we observe the model, then we then imitate. After that when we get in a similar situation in the future that we had observed before, we behave the same behaviors that the model behaved before.

The Agenda setting Theory

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The Agenda setting Theory was introduced by Maxwell McCombs and Donald 1972. It describes a very powerful influence of the media and the ability to tell people what issues are important and what is considers newsworthy. The way they place the news or a story on a newspaper is related to the belief of people about what is important. If people saw at the first page of a something about the world cup they would think it is important even if there is an earthquake which is more important.  Agenda-setting theory is salience transfer which is the ability of the news media to transfer issues of importance from their news media to public agendas.

lobbyists

lobbyists are active people usually paid by an interest group to promote their positions to legislatures and  influence their decisions.The word lobbyist comes from the chambers in which the act of lobbying usually takes place, near legislative bodies, for instance, or even the lobby of hotels where important people are staying. A lobbyist can change public opinion through advertising campaigns or by influencing 'opinion leaders' and changing his or her employer desires. Because lobbyists are important and have a big role, Kai Ryssdal &E spent $700,000 on lobbyists last year.

The Long Tail Thoery

The Long Tail Thoery was first introduced by Chris Anderson, an editor-in-chief of Wired Magazine, in October 2004. Then it  became a book on July 11, 2006. The Theory arges  that economey is shifting away from small number  and focusing on huge numbers and audiences. In fact, there is a significant value in niche audiences. For instance, Amazon.com and Netflix are businesses applying this strategy. Also, Fatafeat is a successful channel which shows how niche audenice have a big value. The Long Tail concept has found some ground for application, research, and experimentation. The term is used in mass media, social network, business, finance, economic models and marketing.

Citizen journalism also known as street journalism who are members of the public play an important role in collecting and reporting news and information. Also it is practiced by professional and non-professional journalists. Authors Bowman and Willis say: "The intent of this participation is to provide independent, reliable, accurate, wide-ranging and relevant information that a democracy requires." Actually, the role of Citizen Journalism is very significant especially in this period of revolutions. If we don’t have Citizen Journalism, we wouldn’t be able to know what is happening in Syria and other countries since there is no freedom of speech.

The Social Expectation Theory said that people can learn habits from TV programs. They can learn values, roles, customs and norms. According to this theory it is obvious that many Arab people have been influenced by Khawater. Hints it is a unique show and one of the first shows that foreshadows a better future for Arabic societies. By expanding the Arabs’ vision of the world, correcting many falsely interpreted trends and values followed by people of Arab society and pointing significant figures of many Islamic and Arabic countries. Ahmad Al Shuqairi was successful in approaching today’s generation’s heart s and minds and leading them on the right path to build developed and well modeled societies based on high values and respected manners.  

Uses and Gratification theory helps to understand mass media. It is said that everyone understands media in different ways. It suggests that people use the media to fulfill specific gratifications. The theory also holds that audiences are responsible for choosing media to meet their needs. In the video it is obvious that each one has different interests that satisfy his or her needs such as Facebook, music, news and journalism. Although sometimes media has selective influence on individuals, the significant point of the theory is that people are who choose what satisfy their needs, so they are not victims any more.

Charlie Chaplin is a film director and one of the creative Auteurs. He became the most famous film star in the world before the end of World War I during the silent film era. In the era of the talkies, he used visual comedy  routines. I think he was famous because of his unique acting style and because he is one of Auteurs who controlled their own stories and were acting creatively. I think Charlie Chaplin has the will and the creativity to succeed like what the quote said “when there is a will, there is a way”.  

Guglielmo Marconi , the Italian inventor who proved the feasibility of radio communication. He sent and received his first radio signal in Italy in 1895. By 1899 he flashed the first wireless signal across the English Channel and two years later received the letter "S", telegraphed from England to Newfoundland. This was the first successful transatlantic radiotelegraph message in 1902. It is really such a great story you would listen to. The idea of wireless was not new, it was before 50 years, but Marconi succeeds because he did it in different way. I think everyone should try to do or to invent something like how Marconi did. Marconi did not despair, yet he tried several times until he succeeds. Actually, without him we won't have wireless service. See how these people play a big role in media and how they do affect us?

This video shows us the announcement of  the” Hay’s code”.As it is known the Hay’s Code spelled out what was acceptable and what was unacceptable content for motion pictures produced for a public audience in the United States. Unfortunately, movies took the code and change their content after TV became successfully the family entertainment. People have been affected negatively by movies. Some of people became more aggressive and forget their values and morals ...Etc.

Because of the negative effects, I hope we have this code again.

 “Medium is the message”

This quote explain that media is the way that allow people to translate their ideas, voices and believes to the world. I was highly touched and impressed by this Palestinian boy who remands us of the Palestinian harsh reality which they face it every day and reflects the image of their suffering. In addition, the boy used poetry to make his massage more effective, so he reaches people`s hearts when they started crying. Actually, this video shows us how media is used in a right way and how it is a powerful mean.

It is said that” time = money”

This train in China doesn’t stop at any station, so it  is moving all the time. For example, If the train stops on 30 stations between Beijing and Guangzhou, for each station  the train will waste both energy and time. Businessmen or people who have work will waste 30 minuets from their time , but by this train No time is wasted. I like this innovation.

These are more explanations  from:

 http://www.edugeek.net/forums/general-chat/54358-train-does-not-stop-stations-chinese-innovation.html
For those who are boarding the train : The passengers at a station embarks onto to a connector cabin way before the train even arrives at the station. When the train arrives, it will not stop at all. It just slows down to pick up the connector cabin which will move with the train on the roof of the train.

“Why” this is the title which I gave it for the video. Why it is so difficult for some people to talk or even to express their feeling……Why???? Freedom of speech and expression is very important as we know and took in the communication class. It is one of the most fundamental rights for individuals. It is fundamental to the existence of democracy and the respect of human dignity. The man in the video could not talk as well as other people who did not do anything. This video seems funny, but it is very sad at the same time.

 Technology is considered the most thing that has been affected us during the last period .It helps save time , makes us connect with our loved ones easily and  helps us get information and  has facilitated learning with introduction of e-learning.
Technology has also affected mode of transportation which makes us travel longer distance in shorter time.

But it has also affected us negatively. It has made a lot of students lose interest in education and other social activities. Furthermore, without electricity, technology stuff will be of no importance. Moreover, technology can affect the world and its population in negative ways as well. People have been fighting each other for thousands of years, starting by throwing rocks and sticks at each other. The technology of weapons has placed human beings in the position of being able to destroy not just a few dozen people at a time but to eliminate life itself.